Pregnancy and Nephrotic Syndrome

we should have a well knowing of the relationship between pregnancy and Nephrotic Syndrome.
1. The types of Nephrotic Syndrome in pregnancy
Nephrotic Syndrome in pregnancy can be divided into four types:
· Nephrotic Syndrome associated with pre-eclampsia
It is the most common type of Nephrotic Syndrome in pregnancy.
· Cyclic Nephrotic Syndrome of Pregnancy
Its characteristic is it will attack in the duration of pregnancy, and will remit spontaneously after the pregnancy terminates. However, it will relapse when the women are pregnant once again. This type is rarely seen.
· Chronic Glomerulonephritis accompanied by pregnancy
For women with this type Nephrotic Syndrome, the women must have a medical history of Nephritis, or it is found for the first time during the period of pregnancy.
· Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome
It is caused by pregnancy combined with other reasons. And it can be seen in Lupus Nephritis, Diabetic Nephropathy, Renal Vein Thrombosis and others.
2. The physiological changes of the kidneys in pregnancy
A. The morphological changes of the kidneys
· In the period of pregnancy, the size and the weight of the kidneys will both increase.
· The collecting duct system of the kidneys will have obvious changes.
B. The changes of the renal functions
In the period of pregnancy, the effective renal plasma flow(ERPF) and the glomerular filtration rate(GFR) of the kidneys will increase significantly.
The increase of the GFR will change the normal biochemical values. If the value of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen(BUN) and uric acid(UA) respectively excesses 70.7 µmol/L, 4.64 mmol/L and 268 µmol/L, then it is abnormal.
The increase of the ERPF and GFR will make the glomeruli be in a state of hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration. For pregnant women with kidney disease and Hypertension, such kind physiological change are definite risk factor, which will lead to and accelerate the sclerosis of the glomeruli and the worsening of the kidney function.
What if you do not know where you can contact us, Tel -311-89261265

A Brief Introduction of the Renal Function Test

 For patients who have Nephrotic Syndrome or other kidney disease, renal function test is necessary for them, because they need to monitor the progression of their condition. And according to the changes of their condition, the nephrologist can adjust the treatment timely, thus the patients who have Nephrotic Syndrome or other kidney disease can achieve a better curative effect. The following is a brief introduction of the renal function test, may it can help you know more about your condition.

Generally, the renal function test includes serum creatinine(Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and uric acid(UA). These tests are achieved by blood test. Therefore, three days before doing the tests, you'd better have a vegetarian diet and avoid strenuous exercise, or at least do not eat high-protein food and large amounts of meat the night before draw blood, so as to insure the accuracy of the tests.

The change of the serum creatinine concentration can be used to evaluate the function of the glomeruli. However, as the compensation of the kidney is powerful, after part of the glomeruli have been damaged, the rest still can remove the creatinine effectively. As a result, the serum creatinine is not sensitive to the changes of the renal function, and only when the glomerular filtration rate reduces 50%, the serum creatinine will begin to increase, so it is not accurate if we only use serum creatinine to judge the renal function.

Uric acid is the metabolite of purine, and the blood uric acid is also an index for evaluating the renal function.

Blood urea nitrogen can be affected by many factors including the diet, so it also can not reflect the real condition of the renal function accurately.

Therefore, in order to make an early detection of the abnormal filtration function of the glomeruli, endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) is developed. Three days before doing the endogenous creatinine clearance test, you'd better take a vegetarian diet, and avoid large amounts of meat and strenuous exercise.

At present, the most accurate and convenient method for evaluating the renal function is using the Cockcroft formula:

· for males: Ccr(ml/min)=[(140-age)*88.4]/(72*Scr)

· for females: Ccr(ml/min)=[(140-age)*88.4*0.85]/(72*Scr)

The normal value of Ccr is 80~120 ml/min. The aforementioned formula is not appropriate for people of special body type and children. As for children, the following formula is appropriate: Ccr(ml/min)=[0.43*height(cm)*88.4]/Scr(umol/L).

The aforementioned is the brief introduction of the renal function test. Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome or other kidney disease should do the renal function test regularly so as to receive timely treatment.

Characteristic Therapy of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

I. Western Medicine

Western Medicine mainly includes symptomatic treatment, conventional treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, hormone and

and other treatments. All these treatments can treat Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome effectively in a short time, but they can not treat this disease fundamentally, thus this disease is easy to relapse.

II. Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine can treat Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome fundamentally. However, it takes effect slowly, thus causing the course of treatment is long. And it has toxic effects on the whole body by taking large quantities of oral Chinese Medicines. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine is not an ideal treatment for patients either.

III. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome is more common in children between ages of 3~6. The cause of this disease is not clear yet. And this disease is easy to relapse and deteriorate. Therefore, all these characteristics of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome indicate that this disease can affect the children's growth and development greatly in their whole life. And the side effect of hormone is great, which can also affect the children's life. For example, moon face, a symptom which will make the children feel depressed, especially when after a long-term hormone treatment, there is not a thing in the world to make it go away.

Therefore, a characteristic therapy is necessary, which can treat Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome fundamentally, and has less side effects. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy in our hospital is such a kind treatment.

The core technology of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is to make the effective prescriptions of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome superfinely shattered. Then with the help of effective penetrant and osmosis devices, the effective medicines are permeated into kidney lesions by external application, thus achieving the goal of treating Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

The characteristics of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy in treating Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome are as follows:

1. More convenient and much easier

This treatment can not only avoid the toxic effects caused by taking large quantities of oral Chinese Medicines, but also can solve the shortcomings(symptomatic treatment) of West Medicines effectively. By this treatment, children just need to lie in bed adopting the treatment without taking medicines and getting an injection. Thus, this treatment is preferred by children because of the aforementioned characteristic.

2. Taking effect more quickly

After being refined, the molecular volume of the Micro-Chinese Medicine is extremely small. Therefore, the medicine molecules can penetrate the glomerular basilar membrane, and then reach the lesions, taking effects of blocking the kidney fibrosis, repairing the damaged renal intrinsic cells and rebuilding the normal kidney structure quickly. In addition it can also remit the hematuria and the leakage of protein in a short time. Generally, after the treatment of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy, some changes of the symptoms will occur in patients who are sensitive to the Traditional Chinese Medicine.

3. A thorough treatment

The Micro-Chinese Medicine is aiming at protecting the kidney by repairing the renal intrinsic cells and blocking the kidney fibrosis, thus eliminating the hematuria and the leakage of protein thoroughly.

In a word, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is more effective and more suitable in treating Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Effects and Side Effects of Hormonal Therapy in Treating Minimal Change Disease

Conventional dose of hormone treatment: Prednisone 60mg/m2/d for children and 40~60mg/d for adults with a gradual decrement in 4 ~6 months. It will take effect in 4 weeks for 90% of children patients and in 8 weeks for 90% adults. If massive proteinuria still exists, immunosuppressant should be added to the treatment.
About 50% of those who are sensitive to hormone can maintain negative proteinuria or relapse after drug reduction or withdrawal, but most of the patients will finally remit. The other 50% of the patients often relapse or present hormonal dependence which means that larger dose of hormone is needed to control proteinuria. At this time, side effects of hormone often occur and are more obvious in children patients. Daily addition of Cyclophosphamide 2~3mg/kg (75mg/m2 for children) in the treatment for 8~12 weeks will prolong the paracmasia of patients who are sensitive to hormone. Because of the toxicity to gonad, teratology and other toxic reactions, cytotoxic drugs can only be applied when the kidney disease and side effects of hormone are both severe. In cases where hormone is effective but recurrent attacks are often or there is dependence to hormone, and moreover, there is no indicator for application of cytotoxic preparation Cyclophosphamide, Ciclosporin A can be applied in such cases. Orally taking Ciclosporin with a dose of 3.5~4mg/(kg·d), most patients with MCD can have remission of their symptoms. The there can be a significant reduction of hormone.
When Nephrotic Syndrome caused by MCD cannot remit through the above treatment, the following should be paid attention to:
(1) Control or remove the infection focus especially the latent infection focus.
(2) Renal venous thrombosis. Conduct CT in time and when there is renal venous thrombosis for final diagnosis, Urokinase of 40~80 thousand u/d adding to 0.9% Sodium Chloride 40ml can be used by intravenous injection 1~2 times/d. Early diagnosis of renal venous thrombosis and positive anticoagulant therapy can improve the condition of primary glomerulopathy and prognosis of various primary glomerulonephritis.
(3) Patients who are not sensitive to hormone often have focal glomeruloslcerosis.
(4) In order to reduce recurrence rate after withdrawal of hormone, concentration of blood Cortisone should be determined before withdrawal of hormone. Patients with normal concentration of blood Cortisone are not easy to relapse.

Dietary Limitation for Patients with Hypertensive Nephropathy

1. Protein foods
What NOT to eat: processed food such as sausage, and foods high in fat such as streaky pork, beef, whale meat, ribchop, eel, tunny and menhaden
Though these foods contain high protein, their content of saturated fatty acid is also very high, which will cause high level of blood lipid and finally induce Coronary Heart Disease
2. Carbohydrate foods
What NOT to eat: dry beans, sweet potatoes and biscuits of strong taste
As dry beans and sweet potatoes can easily lead to flatulence, patients with Hypertensive Nephropathy had better not eat the two kind food. And biscuits of strong taste contain much sugar and sodium, so they are also not appropriate for patients.
3. Fat foods
What NOT to eat: animal oil, bacon
4. Foods high in vitamins and mineral substance
What NOT to eat: condiment vegetables such as celery, leaf mustard and green onion, and vegetables containing hard fibre such as bamboo shoots and corn
5. Other foods
What NOT to eat: spices such as mustard, curry powder and hot pepper, alcoholic drinks, coffee, strong black tea, carbonated beverage, pickled foods such as salted fish roe, salted salmon and pickles

The 13 crew in the golden triangle area recruit crazy genocide

In 2001, China, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos signed an agreement after the navigation, the navigation of this river is beginning to normalization. Pass on to all peoples of the economic convenience, also makes this international river shipping to regular.
Yet that Jiangzhi An extremely chaotic, 2007, killing a Chinese crew, these are some local militants. Often harass Chinese ships.
In early 2011, there was a crew of 20 people abducted Chinese things.
But has not been a good deal.
October 5, 2011, a group of armed hijacking of two ships. A Chinese ship (Warburg Pincus), and Burmese vessels (Yu Xing 8), two ships full of the China crew. The armed men forced two ships fled to Thailand at full capacity.
Thailand's Chiang Saen port 10 km away from the place, met Thai maritime police in the hunt. The two sides exchanged fire.
Thai police on the water after two ships, in addition to No. 8 Xing Yu a body outside the living room. The ship no one.
Crew missing.

Treating Nephrotic Syndrome without Using Hormone Therapy?

I. How to regard hormone therapy in treating Nephrotic Syndrome?
We all know that hormone therapy is commonly used in treating kidney diseases including Nephrotic Syndrome. The reason is that hormone does have the effect of controlling the disease in a short time. However, many patients with kidney disease will turn pale at the mention of hormone. The reason lies in its side effects and its only curing the symptoms instead of the disease which will cause relapse of the disease once and again. Therefore, we shouldn’t arbitrarily judge hormone as good or bad. Moreover, we should use it carefully, such as avoiding stopping using it suddenly; otherwise, it will easily cause many side effects.
II. To make out whether we can treat NS without hormone, we should also know the pathogenesis of NS and how hormone takes effect in treating this disease.
Nephrotic Syndrome is a group of glomerulopathy that has similar pathological changes and clinical manifestations. The main changes are strengthened permeability of the glomerular membrane and decrease of GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate). The typical manifestations include massive proteinuria, Hypoproteinemia, severe edema and Hyperlipemia.
Then how does hormone take effect in treating NS? Hormone has the function of inhibiting immunocytes and organic immunoreaction, so it can reduce damage of the renal intrinsic cells by immune complex. At the same time, it can protect intercellular matrix by balancing generation and degradation of polysaccharide. So hormone can effectively control the progress of the disease, especially the acute and active stage of NS.
Different pathological types of primary Nephrotic Syndrome should be treated with different application method of hormone, but the common adverse effect of it should be paid attention to: central obesity, high blood pressure, osteoporosis; digestive tract symptoms like nausea, vomiting and stress ulcer; spiritual symptoms like insomnia and excitation.
III. New therapy of treating Nephrotic Syndrome—significant effect of Micro-Chinese Medicine
Here, we can see that it is not easy to get rid of hormone completely. But don’t get discouraged, we have an effective way of avoid the side effects of hormone to a large extent—to combine hormone therapy with traditional Chinese medicine treatment, which has great power to reduce the side effects of hormone. Moreover, traditional Chinese medicine also has good curative effect in treating NS.